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Dendritic cell vaccines in cancer immunotherapy: from biology to translational medicine

Hongmei Xu, Xuetao Cao

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 323-332 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0172-4

摘要：

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Mobile CRISPR-Cas9 based anti-phage system in E. coli

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期页码 1281-1289 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2141-7

摘要： Escherichia coli is one of the most important microbial cell factories, but infection by bacteriophages in the environment may have a huge impact on its application in industrial production. Here, we developed a mobile CRISPR-Cas9 based anti-phage system for bacteriophages defense in E. coli. Two conjugative plasmids pGM1 (phosphoglucomutase 1) and pGM2 carrying one and two guide RNAs, respectively, were designed to defend against a filamentous phage. The results showed that the pGM1 and pGM2 could decrease the phage infection rate to 1.6% and 0.2% respectively in infected cells. For preventing phage infection in E. coli, the pGM2 decreased the phage infection rate to 0.1%, while pGM1 failed to block phage infection. Sequence verification revealed that point mutations in protospacer or protospacer adjacent motif sequences of the phage genome caused loss of the defense function. These results support the potential application of MCBAS in E. coli cell factories to defend against phage infections.

关键词： phage infections anti-phage CRISPR-Cas9 conjugative transfer synthetic biology

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Thermo-fluidic devices and materials inspired from mass and energy transport phenomena in biological system

Jian XIAO , Jing LIU ,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 47-59 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0068-4

摘要： Mass and energy transport consists of one of the most significant physiological processes in nature, which guarantees many amazing biological phenomena and activities. Borrowing such idea, many state-of-the-art thermo-fluidic devices and materials such as artificial kidneys, carrier erythrocyte, blood substitutes and so on have been successfully invented. Besides, new emerging technologies are still being developed. This paper is dedicated to presenting a relatively complete review of the typical devices and materials in clinical use inspired by biological mass and energy transport mechanisms. Particularly, these artificial thermo-fluidic devices and materials will be categorized into organ transplantation, drug delivery, nutrient transport, micro operation, and power supply. Potential approaches for innovating conventional technologies were discussed, corresponding biological phenomena and physical mechanisms were interpreted, future promising mass-and-energy-transport-based bionic devices were suggested, and prospects along this direction were pointed out. It is expected that many artificial devices based on biological mass and energy transport principle will appear to better improve various fields related to human life in the near future.

关键词： bionics mass transport energy transport artificial devices and materials biology system nature phenomena medical device.

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Cytokine storm and translating IL-6 biology into effective treatments for COVID-19

《医学前沿（英文）》 doi: 10.1007/s11684-023-1044-4

摘要： As of May 3, 2023, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in more than 760 million confirmed cases and over 6.9 million deaths. Several patients have developed pneumonia, which can deteriorate into acute respiratory distress syndrome. The primary etiology may be attributed to cytokine storm, which is triggered by the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines and subsequently leads to immune dysregulation. Considering that high levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) have been detected in several highly pathogenic coronavirus-infected diseases, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2002, the Middle East respiratory syndrome in 2012, and COVID-19, the IL-6 pathway has emerged as a key in the pathogenesis of this hyperinflammatory state. Thus, we review the history of cytokine storm and the process of targeting IL-6 signaling to elucidate the pivotal role played by tocilizumab in combating COVID-19.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 cytokine storm interleukin-6 tocilizumab

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Designer enzyme for green materials innovation: Lactate-polymerizing enzyme as a key catalyst

Seiichi Taguchi

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 139-142 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1636-0

摘要： Establishment of the regeneratable whole-cell catalyst platform for the?production of biobased polymeric materials is a?typical topic of synthetic biology. In this commentary, discovery story of a “lactate-polymerizing enzyme” (LPE)?and LPE-based?achievements for creating a new variety of polyesters with incorporated unnatural monomers are presented. Besides the importance of microbial platform itself is discussed referring to the “ballooning”- .

关键词： synthetic biology enzyme evolutionary engineering polyhydroxyalkanoate

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MicroRNAs and lung cancers: from pathogenesis to clinical implications

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第2期页码 134-155 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0188-4

摘要：

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the US and worldwide. Better understanding of the disease is warranted for improvement in clinical management. Here we summarize the functions of small-RNA-based, posttranscriptional gene regulators, i.e. microRNAs, in the pathogenesis of lung cancers. We discuss the microRNAs that play oncogenic as well as tumor suppressive roles. We also touch on the value of microRNAs as markers for diagnosis, prognosis and the promising field of microRNA-based novel therapies for lung cancers.

关键词： lung biology lung cancer microRNA

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21世纪农业科技新领域的开拓与发展

卢良恕,王东阳,许健民

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 6-10

摘要：

分析了知识经济对我国提出的挑战，探讨了目前我国农业科技发展的总体水平及存在问题，提出了建设农业知识创新体系的基本任务；阐述了信息产业和生物技术产业将会成为21世纪的两个支柱产业，展望了两大产业在农业中的应用前景和趋势；预测了生物技术的发展及其在生产中的广泛应用，以及农业科技发展将形成的六大新领域，即新物种的塑造、快速繁育技术的应用、农业工厂的构建、新人造食品与饲料的生产、新能源的开发及新空间领域的拓展。

关键词：知识经济农业知识创新体系信息技术生物技术

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Genome reprogramming for synthetic biology

Kylie Standage-Beier,Xiao Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第1期页码 37-45 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1618-2

摘要： The ability to go from a digitized DNA sequence to a predictable biological function is central to synthetic biology. Genome engineering tools facilitate rewriting and implementation of engineered DNA sequences. Recent development of new programmable tools to reengineer genomes has spurred myriad advances in synthetic biology. Tools such as clustered regularly interspace short palindromic repeats enable RNA-guided rational redesign of organisms and implementation of synthetic gene systems. New directed evolution methods generate organisms with radically restructured genomes. These restructured organisms have useful new phenotypes for biotechnology, such as bacteriophage resistance and increased genetic stability. Advanced DNA synthesis and assembly methods have also enabled the construction of fully synthetic organisms, such as J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI)-syn 3.0. Here we summarize the recent advances in programmable genome engineering tools.

关键词： CRISPR genome engineering synthetic biology rational design

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Understanding channel tropism in traditional Chinese medicine in the context of systems biology

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第3期页码 277-279 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0273-3

摘要：

Channel tropism is investigated and developed through long-term clinical practice. In recent years, the development of channel tropism theory has attracted increasing attention. This study analyzed channel tropism theory and the problems associated with it. Results showed that this theory and systems biology have a similar holistic viewpoint. Systems biology could provide novel insights and platform in the study of channel tropism. Some problems in channel tropism theory, including pharmacology and action mechanism, were investigated.

关键词： systems biology channel tropism theory traditional Chinese medicine application

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Recent advances in fruit crop genomics

Qiang XU,Chaoyang LIU,Manosh Kumar BISWAS,Zhiyong PAN,Xiuxin DENG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第1期页码 21-27 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014002

摘要： In recent years, dramatic progress has been made in the genomics of fruit crops. The publication of a dozen fruit crop genomes represents a milestone for both functional genomics and breeding programs in fruit crops. Rapid advances in high-throughput sequencing technology have revolutionized the manner and scale of genomics in fruit crops. Research on fruit crops is encompassing a wide range of biological questions which are unique and cannot be addressed in a model plant such as . This review summarizes recent achievements of research on the genome, transcriptome, proteome, miRNAs and epigenome of fruit crops.

关键词： fruit crops fruit biology gene function genomics

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把握生物经济时代精神，实践进步的幸福观

甘自恒

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第2期页码 5-11

摘要：

据预测，2020年，全球将进入以生物技术产业为主导产业的生物经济时代；阐述了生物经济的提出、分类、特征和定义；主张把握生物经济时代精神，实践进步的幸福观；探讨了为什么要强调谋求人民幸福，什么是进步的幸福观，应提倡那些进步的幸福观，以及我国科技界应该怎样实践进步的幸福观。

关键词：生物经济幸福进步的幸福观

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Systems understanding of plant–pathogen interactions through genome-wide protein–protein interaction networks

Hong LI,Ziding ZHANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第2期页码 102-112 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016100

摘要： Plants are frequently affected by pathogen infections. To effectively defend against such infections, two major modes of innate immunity have evolved in plants; pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity and effector-triggered immunity. Although the molecular components as well as the corresponding pathways involved in these two processes have been identified, many aspects of the molecular mechanisms of the plant immune system remain elusive. Recently, the rapid development of omics techniques (e.g., genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics) has provided a great opportunity to explore plant–pathogen interactions from a systems perspective and studies on protein–protein interactions (PPIs) between plants and pathogens have been carried out and characterized at the network level. In this review, we introduce experimental and computational identification methods of PPIs, popular PPI network analysis approaches, and existing bioinformatics resources/tools related to PPIs. Then, we focus on reviewing the progress in genome-wide PPI networks related to plant–pathogen interactions, including pathogen-centric PPI networks, plant-centric PPI networks and interspecies PPI networks between plants and pathogens. We anticipate genome-wide PPI network analysis will provide a clearer understanding of plant–pathogen interactions and will offer some new opportunities for crop protection and improvement.

关键词： plant–pathogen interactions systems biology omics plant immunity protein–protein interaction network

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Associations between

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第1期页码 92-97 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0610-z

摘要：

Investigations on the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China have shown that Beijing genotype strains play a dominant role. To study the association between the M.?tuberculosis Beijing genotype and the drug-resistance phenotype, 1286 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates together with epidemiological and clinical information of patients were collected from the center for tuberculosis (TB) prevention and control or TB hospitals in Beijing municipality and nine provinces or autonomous regions in China. Drug resistance testing was conducted on all the isolates to the four first-line anti-TB drugs (isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, and ethambutol). A total of 585 strains were found to be resistant to at least one of the four anti-TB drugs. The Beijing family strains consisted of 499 (53.20%) drug-sensitive strains and 439 (46.80%) drug-resistant strains, whereas the non-Beijing family strains comprised 202 (58.05%) drug-sensitive strains and 146 (41.95%) drug-resistant strains. No significant difference was observed in prevalence (c²=2.41, P>0.05) between the drug-resistant and drug-sensitive strains among the Beijing family strains. Analysis of monoresistance, multidrug-resistant TB, and geographic distribution of drug resistance did not find any relationships between the M.?tuberculosis Beijing genotype and drug-resistance phenotype in China. Results confirmed that the Beijing genotype, the predominant M. tuberculosis genotype in China, was not associated with drug resistance.

关键词： tuberculosis drug resistance genotype molecular biology

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Comparative lipidomic analysis of

Bin QIAO, Hong-Chi TIAN, Ying-Jin YUAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 461-469 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1223-3

摘要： Variations in the composition and level of phospholipids (PLs) in yeast cells during industrial ethanol fermentation processes were analyzed. A comparative lipidomic method was used to investigate the changes in total cellular PLs during continuous and fed-batch/batch processes. The phospholipid metabolism in yeast changed during both processes, mainly due to the presence of long-chain poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that contained phosphatidyglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). The complexity of the media affected the growth of the yeast and the membrane composition. Yeast incorporated lots of exogenous saturated and PUFAs from the feedstock during the fermentations. During the continuous fermentation, there was an increase in PLs with shorter chains as the fermentation progressed and early in process there were more long-chains. During the fed-batch/batch process, the PG species increased as the fermentation progressed. This is probably due to an inositol deficiency in the earlier part of the fermentation.

关键词： lipidomics systems biology phospholipids stirred-tank saccharomyces cerevisiae biorefinery engineering

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Molecular mechanisms of leukemia-associated protein degradation

Ying-Li WU, Guo-Qiang CHEN, Hu-Chen ZHOU,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 363-370 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0210-7

摘要： Chemical biology, using small molecules as probes to study the cellular signaling network, has developed rapidly in recent years. The interaction between chemistry and biology not only provides new insight into the understanding of cellular activities, but also generates new lead compounds for the treatment of diseases. Transcription factors and kinases such as retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARα), acute myeloid leukemia 1 (AML1), CAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα), c-myc, and c-abl play important roles in the differentiation of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Abnormalities in these proteins may cause the dysregulation of hematopoiesis and even the occurrence of leukemia. Ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation represents a critical mechanism in regulating the cellular levels and functions of these proteins. Thus, targeting protein degradation has been emerging as an important strategy to conquer malignant diseases. In this review, we will summarize the recent advances in the understanding of the roles of protein degradation in leukemia, with an emphasis on the mechanisms revealed by small molecules.

关键词： protein degradation leukemia chemical biology transcription factors oncoprotein